subclass 189 / 190
Skilled Independent (189) / Skilled Nominated (190)
Points-tested permanent residency visas for skilled workers in occupations on the relevant skilled occupation list.
Overview
Skilled workers under 45 with recognised qualifications, English ability, and a points-eligible occupation on the skilled occupation list.
Key requirements
SkillSelect Expression of Interest (EOI) with at least 65 points (most invitations go to 80+).
Positive skills assessment from the relevant assessing authority.
Competent English (IELTS 6 each band minimum; higher for more points).
Age under 45 at time of invitation.
For 190: nomination from an Australian state/territory government.
Step by step
- 1
Confirm your occupation is on the relevant skilled occupation list (MLTSSL for 189, additional lists for 190).
- 2
Get a positive skills assessment from the relevant authority.
- 3
Take an English test (IELTS/PTE/TOEFL).
- 4
Submit an Expression of Interest (EOI) in SkillSelect.
- 5
Wait for an invitation to apply; for 190, apply for state nomination first.
- 6
Lodge the visa application within the deadline, upload documents, attend health/character checks.
Tips from experience
Points matter a lot — maximising English (PTE/IELTS) and qualifications is often the highest-ROI move.
189 invitations typically require 80+ points in current rounds; 190 is more accessible but locks you to a state.
Skilled occupation lists and points tables change every year — always check the latest Home Affairs updates.
Skills assessments have strict evidence rules (reference letters, payslips, qualifications) — start collecting early.
Pros & cons
Pros
- +Permanent residency with full rights and Medicare.
- +Citizenship pathway after 4 years of residence.
- +No employer or state tie required for 189.
Cons
- −Highly competitive — points cut-offs can be 85+ for some occupations.
- −Long processing times and policy changes can disrupt plans.
- −190 ties you to a nominating state for at least 2 years.
Duration
Permanent residency (5-year travel facility, renewable).
Work rights
Unrestricted work and study rights; live anywhere in Australia; access to Medicare.
Study rights
No study restrictions.
Cost
Main applicant: AUD 4,640. Plus skills assessment, English test, and (for 190) state nomination fees.
Processing time
Skilled visa processing varies by invitation round and queue. Expect months — sometimes over a year — for finalisation.
Next steps
Confirm your occupation is on the list, book a skills assessment, sit an English test, and prepare your EOI.
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